Future research might investigate the motivation of learners to participate in a MOOC and how this changes during a MOOC. Curriculum designers and teachers could benefit from this study to consider appropriate learning outcome variables and instruments to apply in their MOOC practices. The findings provide a holistic picture of learning outcomes and related assessment instruments in current MOOCs. Furthermore, assessment tasks throughout the course may differ in difficulty and complexity, which could align with different levels of learner motivation. A variety of behavioral and affective outcomes reflect multiple aspects of participant learning in MOOCs, which might contribute to better understanding by teachers and the provision of learning support. Outcome-oriented feedback rubrics are beneficial to support learner essay performance and interpretations of the utilization of rubrics could better guide providers to give peer feedback. A combination of knowledge tests and skill tasks can be used to examine cognitive outcomes in a particular MOOC. The results indicate that a consideration of the assessment of learning outcomes at the beginning of course design could support the formulation of explicit assessment goals and, in this way, instruct learners to work toward learning outcomes. Twenty-five types of assessment approaches were employed to examine these outcomes and to identify the assessment characteristics. Learning outcomes that were examined in the studies that were reviewed concerned cognitive, behavioral, and affective learning outcomes. This study aims to investigate the learning outcomes, related instruments, and assessment characteristics of these instruments in MOOCs. Given an array of integers, define length function using map and sum functions in Haskell.Abstract: This systematic review on massive open online courses (MOOCs) in higher education examined the research on the assessment of learning outcomes based on 65 peer-reviewed articles published between 20.Note that those exercises are taken from The Craft of Functional Programming. In this blog post, I also want to share how I do a few of my exercises provided by the course. Though, if compared to Javascript, it still has a few similar traits, such as map and reduce functions, and the arrow symbol to generate a function as well as return an object.
#Haskell functional programming as a liberal arts code
The way we code in Haskell is rather different than most of programming languages nowadays. Haskell is one of the most if not the purest functional language currently. Without dishonouring OOP, we need to unlearn OOP so that we can learn fluently functional programming.Īlthough I was kind of expecting that we learn functional programming using either Javascript or Typescript, it is still okay that we use Haskell in exchange. That being said, the approach to do functional programming is completely different with the old-school-object-oriented programming. In order to do that, we are required not only to learn, but also unlearn. Basically, as programmers, we have the need to keep up with the trend technology. Prof Ade explained it to us really well how do we learn this new functional programming technique. My Impressionsįirst week in class had successfully triggered me and further encouraged me to pick this course permanently during this semester. This is why I really want to get myself into a new habit of using declarative programming or so called functional programming. Unfortunately, I learn coding using imperative programming from the beginning. Not to mention, not only Javascript does that, even Java, a strongly based OOP language has also been doing some work in order to follow this new trend. As we notice, Javascript has been transforming more and more into a pure functional-approach language. Why? The reason is I have been using Javascript (ES6) as my primary languages mostly for my projects using a powerful front-end library ReactJS along with Redux. Hello, this semester (my 7th semester at University of Indonesia), I picked Functional Programming course as I thought this course seem interesting. Functional Programming In Haskell Background